Now there is additional evidence of the connection between the intake of antioxidant supplements and increased tumour growth. Experiments on animals and human cancer tissue confirm that the addition of some antioxidants increases the growth of the severe malignant melanoma type of skin cancer.
“This is not the way to treat cancer. In the best case, the treatment makes no difference, but it can also exacerbate the disease,” says Kristell Le Gal Beneroso, who has a PhD in medicine from Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg.
The idea that antioxidants protect against cancer because they neutralize so-called free radicals has been challenged in several studies in recent years. It has become apparent that antioxidants protect not only healthy cells in the body but also cancer cells.
According to previous studies from the current research team in Gothenburg headed by Professor Martin Bergö, the spread of both lung cancer and malignant melanoma accelerates with the addition of certain antioxidants. This takes the form of an increase in the number of metastases or daughter tumours.
In her work on her thesis, Kristell Le Gal Beneroso went a step further and examined how lung cancer and malignant melanoma in mice and human cancer cells respond to the addition of certain compounds of antioxidants. The compounds bind to the cell’s mitochondria, which are the main producers of free radicals.
“The theory behind this was that by binding the mitochondria, the production of free radicals could be reduced, blocking the DNA damage that free radicals cause and that, by extension, can accumulate and lead to cancer,” says Le Gal Beneroso.
“But our results showed that this is not the case, that the compounds did not inhibit cancer. They either had no effect or they made the situation worse. In a model with malignant melanoma, the mice’s tumours grew significantly faster than in the control animals that received no treatment.”
According to Kristell Le Gal Beneroso, the results of treatment with mitoTEMPO, the compound that triggered tumour growth in some experiments, further reinforce the view that antioxidants can have a harmful effect on cancer.
At the same time, many still have the impression of antioxidants as something positive and that dietary supplements with antioxidants are healthy for the body.
“Hypothetically, you might be helping your healthy cells, but there is no strong evidence that this is the case. On the other hand, we know that once you have cancer, even if it has not been diagnosed, antioxidants can contribute to increased tumour growth,” she says.
Title: Effects of antioxidant supplementation on cancer progression